Overview

Electronic discovery and information governance encompasses the identification, preservation, collection, processing, review, and production of electronically stored information in connection with litigation, regulatory investigations, and internal inquiries. As data volumes and the legal obligations surrounding them have grown, e-discovery has become a consequential discipline in its own right — one that determines the course of litigation before a single witness testifies.

Effective information governance involves the policies, protocols, and legal frameworks that govern how organizations create, retain, and ultimately produce data. Failures in either domain — over-preservation, under-preservation, spoliation, or deficient privilege review — carry substantial litigation risk and potential sanctions exposure.